{"id":1320,"date":"2021-06-06T15:27:54","date_gmt":"2021-06-06T13:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.seqconsulting.be\/?p=1320"},"modified":"2021-06-06T15:27:57","modified_gmt":"2021-06-06T13:27:57","slug":"uko-ubuhinga-bwa-none-mu-kumenyekanisha-no-mu-gutumatumanako-amakuru-vyifashe-muri-afirika-tic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seqconsulting.be\/rn\/2021\/06\/uko-ubuhinga-bwa-none-mu-kumenyekanisha-no-mu-gutumatumanako-amakuru-vyifashe-muri-afirika-tic\/","title":{"rendered":"Uko Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, vyifashe muri Afirika ( TIC)."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Intangamarara<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru  (TIC), cane cane telefone ngendanwa n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, ubu bigira uruhara rukomeye mw’ iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi bw\u2019ibihugu kuko vyorohereza mw’ihanahana ry\u2019ubutunzi kandi bigaterera mw’iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi no kugabanuka kw’ubukene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri iki gihe, Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, bufatwa nk\u2019igikoresho ntasubirwamwo mu kwihutisha iterambere no mugufasha\u00a0 kuzana bishasha mu bisata\u00a0 bitandukanye nk\u2019ubuvuzi, uburimyi, ubutunzi, gutwara abantu n’ibintu, ubucuruzi, itunganywa ry\u2019ibisata bijejwe ubuzi bwa reta, uburezi, ibikorwa n\u2019ibindi. Dukunda kumva mu ma jambo y’abakuru b’ibihugu canke mu barongoye abandi mu banye politike bo mu bihugu biteye imbere ndetse no mu binyamakuru, akamaro\u00a0 ko gufasha ibihugu vy’Afirika kwinjira\u00a0 “mwihururo ryo guhanahana amakuru”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariko none, ivyo bihugu vyoba vyarafatiye kukuri kw’imibereho mu butunzi no mico kama yivyo bihugu ?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dufatiye ku nsiguro zatanzwe n\u2019igisata c\u2019ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU mu bijanye n\u2019indero, ubuhinga n\u2019imicokama (UNESCO,)  basigura ko ubuhinga bwa none  mu kumenyekanisha no gutumatumanako amakuru (TIC)  ari ihuriro ry\u2019ibikoresho vyose vyubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi n’uburyo  bwo kubika, gutumanako amakuru, gutunganya no gucunga amakuru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikwiragizwa ry’ ubuhinga bwa none  mu kumenyekanisha no gutumatumanako amakuru (TIC ) ku mugabane wa Afirika, ryatanguye mu mpera zumwaka w’1990, rikaba ryihuse cane mu myaka iheze. Naho biruko, Afirika iracaboneka nkiyiri kurugero ruri hasi ku rutonde rw\u2019isi mw\u2019iterambere ry\u2019ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha  no mu gutumatumanako amakuru (TIC) no gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubuhinga bwa none no kumenyekanisha mu gutumatumanako amakuru TIC, nkuburyo bwo kwihata gushikira iyindi migabane, uravye iterambere ridafashe ry\u2019umugabane wa Afurika, umuhora ngurukanabumenyi urashobora kuba inyishu y\u2019iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi n\u2019imibereho y\u2019ibihugu vyo muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inyishu zitangwa n’ubuhinga bwa none no kumenyekanisha  mu guhanahana amakuru, birashobora gutuma Afrika ishobora “gusimba” intambwe bigatuma igera kwihangiro ziterambere vyihuse. Iryo terambere rishobora kugaragazwa n’uburyo bwo kuriha no kurungika amafaranga kuri terefone zateye imbere mu rwego rwo kuboneka kwama banki makeya, ariko kandi zikaba zivyihutisha. Amafaranga agendanwa mu ma terefone, arafasha nk’akarorero ko guhanahanwa vyihuta, vyizewe kandi kure na kure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubwo buhinga bwa none no kumenyekanisha mu guhanahana amakuru rero, burashobora gufasha kugabanya imipaka y\u2019umugabane wa Afrika mu korosha ikwiragizwa n’uburenganzira mu kuronka amakuru mpuzamakungu. Vyongeye kandi, ubuhinga bwa none bw\u2019itumatumanako amakuru burashobora kugira uruhara ruboneka mu kurwanya ubukene no mu gukumirwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muriki gihe, iterambere ry’  Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, muri Afrika ntiringana hose: Muri rusangi imirwa mikuru yonyene niyo ishobora gukoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, muri Afrika na cane cane mu mitumba hamwe no mu bisagara bito  bito ahatari hake uyo muhora ngurukanabumenyi urakenye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yamara, utwo turere ntidufise abantu benshi gusa, ahubwo tunagaragaza isoko nyamukuru yuburyo  kuri uwo mugabane (ibikomoka ku burimyi). Utwo turere kandi mu mibereho turangwa mu vy’ubutunzi, ubuhinga bwa none, n\u2019abantu badashoboye gukwiragiza umuhora ngurukanabumenyi  (igitigiri kinini c’abantu batize, ubukene muvy’ubutunzi no munyubako zitorohereza mw\u2019itumatumanako, …).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibitigiri vy’ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe hagati y’umwaka wa 2005 na 2015, ku mugabane wa Afrika vy\u2019iyongereye uva kuri miriyoni 130 ugera kuri miriyoni 900.\u00a0 Muri ivyo bikoresho imiriyoni 900, haharurwa terefone zigezweho ziri munsi y’imiriyoni 200. Kandi ishirahamwe GSMA ryagereranije ko ibi bitigiri vyategerezwa kugera kuri miriyoni 500 mu mwaka w\u2019 2020. Igice kinini cabazikoresha bafise terefone nyinshi hamwe n\u2019amakarata menshi aranga isomero za terephone (Carte SIM.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urugero umuhora ngurukanabumenyi uriko muri Afurika.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igitigiri c’abakoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi muri Afrika ku bantu 100, ciyongereye cane mu myaka itanu iheze, bagereranya ko hafi abantu mirongo 24 kw\u2019ijana (24%) aribo bakoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi mu mwaka w\u20192016 ku mugabane w\u2019Afirika wose, no munsi y\u2019abantu mirongo 20 kw\u2019ijana (20% ) muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara, mu gihe kwisi yose baharurwa ku bantu bagera ku mirongo 45 kw\u2019ijana (45%.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kubw’ishirahamwe Internet World stats, abantu bakoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi muri Afirika kugeza kwigenekerezo rya 30 Ruhenshi 2019 bagera kuri mirongo itatu n\u2019icenda n\u2019ibice umunani kw\u2019ijana (39.8%) urwo rugero rukaba rungana n\u2019abantu i miriyoni 525 bakoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi, ku bantu bagera ku mirongo itanu  n\u2019indwi n\u2019ibice bitatu kwijana (57.3%) kw\u2019isi yose bakoresha uwo muhora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mucegeranyo c\u2019ishirahamwe GSM (GSMA) co mu mwaka w\u20192018 ku butunzi bw\u2019Afrika bw’ubuhinga bwa none ngendanwa,  ubuhinga bwa none bwatanze 7.1% vy’umwimbu  rusangi w\u2019Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara, ni ukuvuga imiliyaridi 110 z’amadolari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n\u2019ishirahamwe MEDIANET Labs, ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi zitatu nyamukuru muri Afurika: Facebook, Instagram na LinkedIn! Amakuru yegeranijwe muri Gitugutu umwaka w\u20192018 yerekeye ibihugu 53 vyo muri Afrika. Ivyo vyirwa vyitayeho\u00a0 ibitigiri, igitsina n’imyaka vy’abakwiragiza n’ abakoresha imbuga ngurukanabumenyi muri Afrika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urugero imbuga ngurukanabumenyi ziriko muri Afurika\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igitigiri c’abantu bakoresha izo mbuga ngurukanabumenyi muri rusangi, Afirika ifise abantu baharurwa ku 1. 211. 434.463.  Muri abo abagera ku 453.328.534 vyabo banyagihugu, nibo bakoresha imbuga ngurukanabumenyi, n’ukuvuga urugero rungana na 37.4% vy’abantu baba ku mugabane w\u2019Afrika bose. Ivyo bingana n\u2019ibice cumi 10.9% vy’abakoresha imbuga ngurukanabumenyi kw’isi n\u2019ukuvuga abantu bagera kuri (4.156.932.140). Ariko, uyo murindi  ntungana kumugabane wose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara, urugero rw\u2019abantu  bakoresha terefone ngendanwa kiratandukanye cane bivanye n’ibihugu n\u2019ikindi. Muri Niger no muri Afrika yo hagati ( Repubulika Centrafrique), abakoresha imbuga ngurukanabumenyi ntibashikira urugero rw\u2019ibice 25 kwijana (25% ) nayo muri Eritereya bakaba bagereranywa n\u2019urugero rugera kuri 9 kwijana  (9%.) Mw’ izinga rya Maurice, (ile Maurice) muri Seychelles, Botswana na Afirika y’Epfo, urugero rwabazikoresha ruri hafi ya 70%. Ibi biterwa ahanini nubundi buryo butandukanye bwumugabane wa Afrika: Abarenga ica kabiri nibo bakoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi kuri terefone ngendanwa gusumba abakoresha  imachine nyabwonko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara rero, muriki gihe ni terefone ngendanwa itwara ubuhinga bugezweho (numerique).Yabaye igikoresho c’ingirakamaro kidasanzwe mu buzima bwa minsi yose kandi isigaye iri kurugero rumwe nibikorwa vyibanze (umuyagankuba, ibikoresho vy\u2019isuku biteye imbere), ariko naho biri uko urugero rwo gukwiragiza iyo Terefose rusa naho rukiri hasi. Terefone ngendanwa, ifise igiciro kiri hasi ku buryo ishobora kuronkwa\u00a0 igihe ico arico cose n\u2019ahantu ahariho hose. Ntibisaba kuba warize canke\u00a0 ubumenyi buri hejuru kugira ngo ushobore gukoresha Terefone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intambamyi zirimwo\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imwe mu ntambamyi z\u2019ikwiragizwa  ry’ubuhinga bwa none, kumenyekanisha no gutumatumanako  amakuru (TIC) muri Afirika, ni ugucererwa mw\u2019iterambere ry’amazu yagenewe gukoreramwo ubwo buhinga nubu zidakwiye, ugereranije n\u2019urugero rubandanya kwiyongera rwabakeneye gukoresha uyo muhora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bivuye ku budandaji bwo gushiramwo imitahe kw\u2019ibihugu hamwe n\u2019abahinga mu gutumatumanako amakuru bakorera ku mugabane wa Afirika, nka Orange yo mu bihugu vyo ku mugabane w\u2019aBulaya, Airtel ituruka mu gihugu c\u2019uBuhindi, MTN na Vodacom zituruka muri afirika yepfo, umurongo ukoresha jiga z\u2019ibiri  (2G) hamwe n\u2019umurongo ukoresha jiga  z\u2019itatu (3G ) muri kino gihe niyo ikoreshwa n’ igice kinini c\u2019abanyagihugu baba ku mugabane w\u2019Afrika. Ibibanza  vyinshi vyo mu mitumba ntibifise umuhora w’ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nayo umurongo wa jiga zine (4G), itanga umuhora wihuse w’ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi iteye imbere gusa mu bisagara binini binini. Vyongeye kandi, uguterimbere k’ubuhinga  bugezweho vyihuse n \u2018ingene ubwo buhinga bwashinze imizi, birafise ingaruka zo gutandukana hagati yababa mu bisagara n\u2019abanyagihugu bato bato baba mu mitumba, na cane cane ku mibereho ufatiye  ku myaka, igitsina, hamwe no kutanganya ingene tubayeho n\u2019ubumenyi bw\u2019amashure butandukanye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naho bimeze uko, inzira y\u2019ubuhinga bugezweho  (numerique) ntishobora guhurumbirwa no kugira ico ishitseko  gikomeye hatabonetse izindi nguvu zo kuvyigisha, gukarisha ubwenge no kongereza ubushobozi. Kumenyera ubuhinga bwanone, kugabanuka ibiciro vyo gutumanako amakuru, gukingira uruja n’uruza mu buhinga bugezweho, mu bisata nk’uburimyi n’ubworozi nka karorero, navyo vyoshobora kugabanya ivyononekara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naho hari intambamyi  z\u2019inyubakwa zidahagije, kudashikirwa kw\u2019abanyagihugu bato bato baba mu mitumba  na masoko ntanganguvu, ibiciro bikiri hejuru, ntawokwiyobagiza k\u2019umugabane w\u2019Afirika uriko uragera ku rugero rutigeze kubaho muvy\u2019ubuhinga bwanone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terefone rero yahindutse isoko ryo gusohora amafaranga cane mu miryango yo muri Afirika gusumba iyo mubihugu vyo mu buraruko, kubera kugura no gukoresha, ibiciro vyo gutumatumanako vyaradugije amafaranga akoreshwa mu miryango. Naho ibiciro vy’ umuhora ngurukanabumenyi (connexion internet) ukoresheje terefone bigenda bigabanuka vuba,  muri Afrika biguma biri hejuru ugereranije n’ahandi hose.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Intangamarara Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru  (TIC), cane cane telefone ngendanwa n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, ubu bigira uruhara rukomeye mw’ iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi bw\u2019ibihugu kuko vyorohereza mw’ihanahana ry\u2019ubutunzi kandi bigaterera mw’iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi no kugabanuka kw’ubukene. Muri iki gihe, Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, bufatwa nk\u2019igikoresho ntasubirwamwo mu kwihutisha iterambere no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amakuru","category-ibiheruka-kwandikwa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUko Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, vyifashe muri Afirika ( TIC). - SEQ Consulting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seqconsulting.be\/rn\/2021\/06\/uko-ubuhinga-bwa-none-mu-kumenyekanisha-no-mu-gutumatumanako-amakuru-vyifashe-muri-afirika-tic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Uko Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru, vyifashe muri Afirika ( TIC). - SEQ Consulting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Intangamarara Ubuhinga bwa none mu kumenyekanisha no mu gutumatumanako amakuru  (TIC), cane cane telefone ngendanwa n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, ubu bigira uruhara rukomeye mw’ iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi bw\u2019ibihugu kuko vyorohereza mw’ihanahana ry\u2019ubutunzi kandi bigaterera mw’iterambere ry\u2019ubutunzi no kugabanuka kw’ubukene. 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